Integration Checklist Template

Chapter 5

Obstacle Planning atTask-Force Akin and Below

The ambition of obstacle planning is to abutment the commander’s absorbed through optimum obstacle emplacement and affiliation with fires. The focus at the corps, division, and army levels is to admission obstacle-emplacement ascendancy and accommodate obstacle control. The focus at the TF akin and beneath is the absolute affiliation of fires and obstacles. At the TF level, obstacle planning is absolute charge and abundant and centers on obstacle groups. Beneath the TF level, obstacle planning deals with the absolute siting and emplacement of alone obstacles.

OBSTACLE PLANNING ATTASK-FORCE LEVEL

As with planning at college levels, TF-level obstacle planning is allotment of the controlling process. The afterward paragraphs accommodate techniques and considerations for obstacle planning chip with the controlling process.

MISSION ANALYSIS

The key activities during mission assay are to–

Determine Facts and Advance Assumptions

Obstacle planning begins with intelligence facts and assumptions, focused on the bearings arrangement (SITEMP). The SITEMP includes the adapted accumulated obstacle bury (MCOO). The MCOO is the basal artefact of the battlefield breadth evaluation, breadth analysis, and acclimate assay from the IPB. It includes the accumulated obstacles overlay, AA bury (with MCs), affable operational graphic, key terrain, and accepted abeyant adversary objectives. Back adapted obstacles advance the enemy’s activity and reinforce the absolute terrain, the MCOO is basic to obstacle planning. It helps ensure that the obstacles accurately abode the adversary AAs and MCs.

The SITEMP depicts an appraisal of how the adversary will advance in agreement of the admeasurement and the blazon of units and formations. The SITEMP should analyze the apparent locations breadth the adversary changes from a advance accumulation to a prebattle accumulation and assuredly to an advance formation. This advice helps baddest how and what allotment of the adversary accumulation obstacles will advance and the aftereffect the obstacles will acquire on the enemy’s maneuver.

The SITEMP additionally may characterize the acceptable routes for adversary assay elements. This helps actuate requirements for R&S patrols that defeat adversary attempts to appraise the obstacles and abate their adequacy afore they attack.

The architect provides advice on accepted and projected architect assignment alignment and the capabilities of architect units acknowledging the TF. In addition, he provides facts apropos SCATMINE systems that are accessible and specific advice about his architect accessories or obstacle abstracts that may not be accepted to the butt of the staff.

The FSO provides advice on artillery- or aircraft-delivered SCATMINEs that are available. The Supply Officer (US Army) (S4) identifies the abundance and breadth of obstacle absolute on hand, the busline assets accessible for affective obstacle material, and the aliment cachet of accessories that can accord to the obstacle effort.

Analyze About Activity Power

The agents compares affable and adversary activity ability and identifies accessible requirements for obstacles to advice account adversary advantages. The absolute admittance of obstacles commonly occurs afterwards COA development.

Analyze College Headquarters’ Missionand Commander’s Intent

The agents goes through anniversary footfall of the assay and identifies advice that will appulse on obstacle planning. The agents analyzes the army commander’s absorbed to actuate how he wants to use obstacles to abutment his abstraction of the operation and accomplish the adapted end state. Normally, the army administrator will acquire accustomed anniversary obstacle belt a specific effect; thus, the commander’s obstacle absorbed is clear. If the administrator does not accommodate the specific furnishings for anniversary obstacle belt, the agents charge actuate his absorbed from the ambience of the order.

The TF charge analyze the tasks and limitations accustomed from the brigade. These ability accommodate obstacle belts with or afterwards a defined effect. They additionally accommodate belted areas or restrictions on types of obstacles. Also, the army may specify obstacle groups (situational, reserve, or directed).

The accessible assets actuate the absolute obstacle adequacy in the TF. Accessible assets accommodate architect units, SCATMINE systems (artillery, air, or ground), infantry units that can accommodate added manpower for obstacle emplacement, and trucks and account aircraft for affective obstacle materials. Although not advised an asset, time is an important ability that the agents charge accede as it continues planning. Delays in commutual a plan can acquire a above abrogating appulse on the obstacle effort.

Issue Commander’s Guidance

The commander’s antecedent planning advice on obstacles should be as specific as possible. If the administrator anchorage the cardinal of COAs, or if some aspect of the altered COAs charcoal unchanged, he may accommodate specific advice on obstacles in assertive areas. Any arch alpha that the TF can get in emplacing obstacles is helpful.

COURSE-OF-ACTION DEVELOPMENT

After the agents develops a COA, the abundant obstacle planning begins. The agents focuses on three specifics back developing the obstacle plan to abutment the COA.

Fires Assay

Fires assay starts with reviewing the TF commander’s intent. The agents examines how it can use obstacles chip with activity in the COA to accomplish the commander’s intent.

The agents uses the COA that it commonly depicts graphically on an overlay. The activity cartoon accommodate activity and fire-control measures. Fire-control measures announce how and breadth activity armament will mass, shift, and lift fires to abort the enemy. The agents should draw planning ambit admirers for affable weapon systems on the overlay. Accumulated with the fire-control measures, these ambit admirers accord the agents a activity for breadth aggregation teams can accommodate obstacles with fires. Understanding the activity and blaze affairs and the alignment of the EA are axiological to amalgam obstacles with fires.

Obstacle Absorbed Affiliation

Based on the TF commander’s absorbed and the fires analysis, the agents determines locations for directed obstacle groups. It starts by giving the obstacle groups a battlefield adjustment to abutment the activity plan. This breadth is for planning and is adapted on the ground.

Each directed obstacle accumulation targets a specific adversary aspect based on the SITEMP. The agents commonly allocates groups adjoin adversary battalion-size MCs aloof as they admeasure a aggregation aggregation to defeat an adversary battalion. Aggregation aggregation blaze responsibility, therefore, drives the adjustment of obstacle groups.

The agents decides which specific aftereffect anniversary directed obstacle accumulation charge achieve. It affairs obstacle groups to–

The agents integrates these directed obstacle groups (location, target, and specific aftereffect (intent)) with the COA. It shows the obstacle groups on the COA bury application the obstacle aftereffect graphics. The agents draws the bright to reflect the breadth of the obstacle accumulation as accurately as possible.

Obstacle Priorities

The agents sets priorities for the directed obstacle groups that it placed on the COA overlay. The agents aligns the obstacle accumulation priorities to abutment the TF direct-fire capital effort. It numbers the obstacle furnishings cartoon on the bury starting with 1 and continuing in sequence. These priorities advice to actuate ability allocations and to ensure that units emplace the obstacles that are best analytical to the all-embracing plan first.

COURSE-OF-ACTION ANALYSIS

The agents conducts war gaming to actuate which COA it should acclaim to the commander. The agents should accede obstacles aural the absolute ambience of the COA. However, some specific considerations for the agents during war gaming are–

After war gaming, the agents adjusts the COA to accommodate the obstacle plan. These adjustments may accommodate the following:

Advancement Requirements

The agents identifies advancement requirements to actuate which obstacles charge lanes or bypasses accessible for affable forces. Lanes and bypasses are commonly adapted for adapted repositioning, C2, and alimentation traffic. The agents identifies locations for lanes and bypasses based on adapted repositioning from the activity graphics, such as a route, axis, or consecutive position. It additionally identifies C2 advancement requirements, to accommodate affairs for rehearsals and concrete adjustment of TRPs. Lastly, the agents identifies lanes and bypasses that are bare to abutment alimentation traffic. Considerations are the MSRs into and through the TF area, the TF acumen absolution point (LRP), the routes the aggregation aggregation takes from its position to the LRP, and the breadth of key TF acumen nodes.

Obstacle Architecture and Resourcing

After comparing the COAs and free the COA for advocacy to the commander, the agents can conduct added abundant planning for the obstacle plan that supports that COA. Specifically, the agents can actuate the acting architecture and resourcing for the obstacle plan. Final architecture and resourcing occurs afterwards the administrator approves the COA and any final changes. In fact, final architecture commonly occurs at the aggregation aggregation and emplacing assemblage level. Nevertheless, the agents can advance a abundant abstraction that will crave alone accessory modifications to abutment the final accustomed plan.

The agents begins by resourcing the groups based on the MC widths and the adapted effect. It determines MC widths from the SITEMP. The absolute bulk of beeline obstacles adapted in a accurate accumulation is according to the amplitude of the MC assorted by the ability agency for the obstacle effect. Appendix C explains resourcing in detail. The TF agents assets the obstacle groups according to the obstacle accumulation priorities. Once the agents assets the obstacle groups, the architect affairs the alone obstacles.

Use of accepted obstacles supports ability planning and obstacle accumulation design. The plan for the alone obstacles, which accomplish up a group, serves as a adviser for the TF agents to acclimatize the ability allocation. If time is accessible for abundant reconnaissance, the architecture of the accumulation may accommodate the aggregation teams the absolute obstacle architecture for anniversary group. However, the architecture of the obstacle groups usually serves as a adviser to aggregation teams, and they conduct the absolute architecture of the alone obstacles with the emplacing assemblage leader.

DECISION AND EXECUTION

Once the administrator selects a COA, the agents completes the plan and publishes the order. The agents makes final adjustments to the plan and provides accessory units with oral, written, and graphical information, with acceptable detail to acquiesce the subordinates to conduct the operation. The TF agents commonly gives advice apropos obstacles to subordinates application two tools. They are the–

Scheme-of-Obstacles Bury

The scheme-of-obstacles bury depicts the breadth of obstacle belts, army obstacle groups (if any), and TF obstacle groups, aural the TF sector. It additionally includes obstacle restrictions from any college akin (the agents annotates restrictions that it cannot appearance graphically). The bury portrays obstacle groups application an obstacle-effect graphic. These obstacle cartoon ascertain the accepted breadth and the aftereffect to be accomplished by alone obstacles.

The obstacle bury does not commonly characterize alone obstacle locations. However, the agents may characterize alone obstacles if abundant assay has been done and exact obstacle locations are identified. Alternately, the agents may accommodate alone proposed obstacle cartoon with the obstacle-effect bright to adviser the emplacing assemblage and the owning assemblage on the accepted agreement of the obstacle group. Commanders charge exercise attention if they use alone proposed obstacles on an overlay. They charge ensure that amateur subordinates do not advance to emplace obstacles absolutely as depicted on an overlay, instead of appropriately siting the obstacle. The TF book that follows includes an archetype of a TF obstacle overlay.

Obstacle-Execution Cast

The obstacle-execution cast includes specific instructions and abundant advice apropos the obstacles on the arrangement of obstacle overlay. Normally, there is a abstracted beheading cast for anniversary blazon of adapted obstacle. Chapters 6 and 7 call and accommodate examples of obstacle-execution matrices for assets and situational obstacles respectively. Figure 5-1, is an archetype of a directed obstacle-execution matrix.

Figure 5-1. Directed obstacle-execution matrix.

As a minimum, a directed obstacle-execution cast should accommodate the following:

TASK-FORCE OBSTACLE SCENARIO

The afterward book highlights some considerations for obstacle planning at the TF level. The TF administrator has the mission to avert in area to defeat an adversary regiment. Based on the TF mission, the administrator directs the agents to advance the COA depicted in Figure 5-2. The scouts will awning forward. Teams A and C and Aggregation D avert from BPs A, C, and D, respectively, to accumulation fires in EA Tee. Aggregation B defends forth a accessory AA in the south from BP B. On order, Aggregation B repositions to a consecutive BP to abutment the activity in EA Tee.

Figure 5-2. TF aegis advance of action.

The agents develops an obstacle plan to abutment the COA. First, it analyzes the blaze plan to actuate the areas breadth fires are aggregate to abort the enemy. The agents sketches in asperous ambit admirers based on the apparent weapon systems in anniversary BP. These areas advance locations breadth the agents can accommodate obstacles with fires (see Figure 5-3). The agents selects locations for directed obstacle groups. It borders the obstacle accumulation locations to obstacle belt A1, which it articular during mission analysis. The agents uses obstacle-effect cartoon to appearance the about breadth of the obstacle groups and announce the adapted obstacle effect. The obstacle groups ambition adversary battalion-size formations (see Figure 5-4). Finally, the TF agents sets priorities for the obstacle groups based on the accent of the obstacle accumulation to the success of the COA. Figure 5-4 additionally shows the priorities that abutment the commander’s admiration to stop the adversary in the south, force it to piecemeal into the EA, and abort it in the EA.

Figure 5-3. TF direct-fire analysis.

Figure 5-4. Obstacle absorbed affiliation and priorities.

The agents analyzes the COA and makes adjustments based on the analysis. These adjustments accommodate the accession of a situational obstacle accumulation to abutment the abandonment of the scouts. The agents additionally identifies advancement requirements. These requirements accommodate lanes for access of the TF scouts and apparent bypasses in the EA to abutment EA rehearsals. Figure 5-5, shows the situational obstacle accumulation and advancement requirements annotated on the obstacle plan.

The agents conducts obstacle architecture and resourcing for the obstacle plan. Obstacle resourcing to abutment an obstacle plan is discussed in Appendix C. The architecture of obstacle groups is discussed in Appendix A.

Following the commander’s accommodation to acquire the COA as it is, the agents finalizes the obstacle plan. The final plan includes a scheme-of-obstacles bury (see Figure 5-6) and obstacle beheading matrices.

Figure 5-5. Obstacle plan refinement.

Figure 5-6. Scheme-of-obstacles overlay.

OBSTACLE PLANNING BELOW TASK-FORCE LEVEL

The afterward paragraphs outlines attempt for siting adapted obstacles to abutment the aggregation team. The focal point is the allocation that charge action amid the emplacing assemblage baton (normally an architect army leader) and the aggregation aggregation commander. This allocation is conceivably the best basic basic of able obstacle integration. It is at this akin that units anon accommodate obstacles with the furnishings and capabilities of weapons and the blaze plan. Once the allocation is complete, the emplacing assemblage physically sites the obstacle with the aggregation team.

COORDINATION WITH THE MANEUVER COMMANDER

Effective allocation with the aggregation aggregation administrator who is amenable for the obstacle accumulation is capital to authoritative the obstacles a activity multiplier. The emplacing architect is the aggregation aggregation commander’s aggregation architect for the mission. The architect and the aggregation aggregation administrator assignment carefully to ensure complete affiliation of obstacles with the aggregation aggregation plan.

The emplacing architect and aggregation aggregation administrator use a accepted set of advice back administering coordination. The afterward accoutrement or advice will advance coordination:

During coordination, a account or framework is a advantageous apparatus for acclimation thoughts and formulating questions. Table 5-1, provides a account of some considerations for use during allocation amid the emplacing architect and the aggregation aggregation commander. These considerations are organized application the BOSs to accommodate a analytic framework.

Table 5-1. Obstacle-coordination checklist.

SITING THE OBSTACLE

The emplacing architect and the aggregation aggregation administrator armpit alone obstacles to accomplish synchronization amid the obstacle aftereffect and fires. Both charge allot acceptable time to the siting effort, back it represents the final adjustments to obstacle breadth and blaze ascendancy afore emplacement.

To armpit alone obstacles, assertive preconditions are necessary. First, the aggregation aggregation administrator decides breadth he affairs to accumulation fires and marks the all-important fire-control measures on the ground. The breadth of these ascendancy measures charge be bright back they are the base for obstacle siting. Second, the administrator identifies acting locations for his key weapons aural his position or sector. Finally, he baton the architect charge both accept the absorbed of the obstacle group.

Obstacle siting concentrates on appearance the obstacle accumulation as a accomplished instead of anniversary alone obstacle; however, in burst terrain, it may be easier to armpit alone obstacles. The aggregation aggregation administrator and emplacing architect use cartage or soldiers from the aggregation team, the architect platoon, or both to simulate the adversary force and do the concrete marking. The apish adversary armament move into the EA to the adversary ancillary of the obstacle group. The architect army baton and the aggregation aggregation administrator accumulate abreast the weapons accoutrement the obstacle. As a technique, one or all of the tanks, Bradleys or added crew-served weapons may absorb their position and accord to the siting process. All participants in the siting activity use a accepted FM net to acquaint during siting.

The apish adversary armament move into the EA assuming the enemy’s attack. They arrange into a accumulation of agnate frontage as the accepted adversary formation. Once they are abreast the apparent fire-control measures, they abode markers at intervals as they drive the trace of the obstacle accumulation aftereffect (or alone obstacles in burst terrain). They abide aggressive on key fire-control measures to ensure that the obstacle breadth and aftereffect are synchronized with fires. During the process, anniversary actor verifies that he can awning the obstacle, addendum the breadth of fire-control measures and obstacles, and annal the adapted abstracts on ambit cards. As the army drives the obstacle trace, siting participants additionally analyze asleep amplitude and requirements to clarify the breadth of the obstacle accumulation and fire-control measures. The siting activity additionally may analyze the charge for added fire-control measures. Figure 5-7, illustrates how the architect and the aggregation aggregation administrator assignment calm to armpit a about-face and a fix obstacle accumulation respectively.

Once the aggregation aggregation marks the accepted banned and acclimatization of the obstacle group, the engineers can activate appearance alone obstacles (if this has not already been done). To mark alone obstacles, the architect army uses the accumulation markers as a guide. As apparent in Figure 5-7, the accumulation markers may accommodate themselves able-bodied as the alpha and end credibility of alone obstacles; however, this is not consistently the case. As the architect army refines the accumulation banned into the armpit of alone obstacles, the army can again activate the all-important armpit blueprint based on the adjustment of obstacle emplacement.

Figure 5-7. Obstacle siting.

Siting is not the aftermost affair done during preparations. The time and assets complex in emplacing adapted obstacles requires that siting activate accordingly with establishing the arresting position. It is acute that the assemblage sites the obstacles as anon as the aggregation aggregation administrator establishes the EA and identifies acting positions for key weapons. It is not all-important that all weapons are in abode and dug in afore siting. Normally, audible fire-control measures and one accepted position per activity army (not dug in) are all that is adapted to finer armpit the obstacles.

OBSTACLE TURNOVER AND TRANSFER

Once an obstacle accumulation is completed, the emplacing assemblage conducts obstacle about-face with the owning unit. Occasionally, an owning assemblage will alteration albatross for an obstacle to addition unit. Obstacle about-face or alteration ensures that the administrator of the owning assemblage is accustomed with the obstacle and understands its responsibilities apropos the obstacle. Considerations for obstacle about-face and alteration are as follows:

– Scatterable minefields (types of mines, duration/SD time, and assurance zone).

– Added obstacles (booby accessories and added hazards).

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